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The World Wide Web is a place where people can shop, read articles, search for information of all kinds. Like other activities that are carried out by people offline, browsing the Web involves very complex cognitive processes. According to the Cognitive Load Theory, the human cognitive capacity is limited to processing a few pieces of information at a given time, because the cognitive resources available during the execution of a task are limited too. Many authors have pointed out that browsing the Web generally implies a high cognitive load. Interestingly, recent research studies have shown that it is possible to decrease the cognitive load during Web browsing by following specific Web design rule sets and guidelines. Despite this knowledge and the potential relevance of the topic, at the best of our knowledge no study has yet investigated how specific task have an impact in terms of cognitive load and user experience. There is also a lack of knowledge on how web design techniques can actually reduce cognitive load. On the basis of these observations, the proposed study has two main objectives: (1) to investigate the user experience while performing comprehension task on the Web through the adoption of a real-time multi-level assessment, with particular attention on cognitive load; (2) to test the relationship between specific aspects of web design and users experience. The experimental design and protocol of the study will be presented and discussed.
A heavy cognitive load may hinder information processing, perception of stimuli and learning intended as study and memorization, particularly during complex activities that require to process a lot of information . Some recent studies have pointed out that the Web generally requires a high cognitive effort and, therefore, it is often the cause of cognitive load increase . Therefore, in terms of cognitive load theory, in order to maximize usability and accessibility of a website it is important to minimize cognitive effort, taking the role and limitations of working memory into account. Recent studies have pointed out that the Web imposes a high cognitive load, that increases when web pages become more difficult to use or to understand.
Some studies have also demonstrated that is possible to decrease the cognitive load of Web browsing by following some specific rule sets and guidelines. Some of them derive from the application of the cognitive load theory, highlighting how the crucial element to ensure that a website would be easy to use for visitors is the simplicity and the sole presence of essential elements . Dumas and Redish observed that “usability means that people who use the product can perform their tasks in a simple and fast way”. This includes the presentation of information in a clear way, so that users browsing a website would not lose too much time in trying and finding what they need.